Mohs hardness scale was invented by Friedrich Mohs in 1812. Since that moment, the Mohs hardness scale has assisted geologist in determining the identity of minerals. With innovating science’s Mohs...
Soil composition has been a keystone experiment in earth science classrooms for many years. Our soil analysis kit will teach students the skills needed to properly conduct soil composition tests...
Of all the naturally occurring metals copper is one of the most useful and versatile. Evidence suggests copper has been used by humans for at least 10,000 years. Copper is...
The complete set of Innovating Science 16 AP Chemistry Kits is available! Kits Included; IS8101 Lab #1: Effect of Concentration on Transmitted Light IS8102 Lab #2: Beer’s Law – Mass...
Students will design a buffer that can maintain a pH within a narrow range when certain amounts of acid and base are added. The activity contains enough materials for 15...
Many household products contain buffering chemicals. Students will design a procedure to determine the buffering agents that are in different household products such as foods, beverages and over the counter...
Students will conduct a series of acid-base titrations and determine the concentrations of two unknowns. They will create a procedure to collect quantitative titration data using a buret and pH...
Students will investigate Le Chatelier’s principle and why it works. They will also investigate this principle by testing several systems at equilibrium and then selecting specific ones to produce the...
Students study the various energy changes that occur with the formations of solutions for laboratory salts. From this data they will create the best and safest hand warmer. Students will...
Students will determine the rate law for the reaction of crystal violet and sodium hydroxide. Students will also prepare dilutions of stock crystal violet solutions to generate a Beer’s law...
Students will observe and measure the evolution of carbon dioxide gas from the decomposition of calcium carbonate when mixed with an acid. Students will also create experiments to determine the...
Students will test the solubility of each possible component of a commercially available pain reliever in an organic solvent, ethyl acetate, and in a basic aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate....
Students will determine the actual concentration of the Hydrogen Peroxide in the bottle by titration and determine if it is lower than the value on the label. Hydrogen Peroxide will...
First, students will design their own experiment to separate two substances using green chemistry principles. Students will also design and perform an experiment to quantitatively measure the weight percent of...
Students will identify unknown chemicals based on laboratory testing of their physical and chemical properties. Students will identify the 4 different kinds of bonds that exist in chemicals: ionic, polar...
Students collect data using different solvents to identify the optimal solvent for separation. They will then illustrate the intermolecular forces that are acting on the molecules in the separation. Students...
Study how the concentration of acids in various consumer beverages may be determined by titration with sodium hydroxide. Students will determine the proper indicator to use in the titration of...
Students will investigate the suitability of gravimetric analysis for determining the amount of water hardness in the form of calcium carbonate found in various water samples. The activity contains enough...
Students will design a laboratory procedure to analyze the amount of copper in brass using a spectrophotometer. Students identify the correlation among wavelength, absorbance, and concentration for each of three...
Students will be guided through an investigation to study food dyes and determine how the absorbance of light can be used to study color and determine concentrations of chemicals in...
Ever wonder what would happen if you mixed this chemical with that one? This kit has been designed to allow students to perform experiments to see what types of reactions...
The mixture to be analyzed by column chromatography is applied to the top of the column. The liquid solvent (the eluent) is passed through the column by gravity or by...
Students will study electrochemical series. The electrochemical series is built up by arranging various redox equilibria in order of their standard electrode potentials (redox potentials). When a strip of metal...
After a compound has been synthesized, analytical tests should be carried out to confirm that the correct compound has been produced. In this lab we will perform tests to confirm...
Determine the identity of a metal carbonate by gravimetric analysis. Gravimetric analysis is a technique through which the amount of an analyte (the ion being analyzed) can be determined through...
pH is the measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. As this concentration can extend over several orders of magnitude, it is convenient to express it by...
Students will determine the volume of one mole of gas. This is accomplished by generating a known mass of oxygen gas, measuring its temperature, volume and pressure, and then using...
The quantitative stoichiometric relationships governing mass and amount will be studied using the combustion reaction of magnesium metal. Magnesium is reacted with oxygen from the air in a crucible, and...
In this experiment, you will prepare three buffer solutions having different pH values and show that the pH of these solutions does not change significantly when small amounts of acids...
Once the Grignard reagent is prepared, it can be used to prepare the target compound. In this experiment the target compound is a carboxylic acid. To prepare a carboxylic acid,...
In this experiment the indicator eriochrome black T (EBT) is used to signal the presence of ions in the water sample. EBT binds with free metal ions in the water...
The way in which light is absorbed or reflected by a crystalline material is determined by the structure of the crystal. This crystal structure can be changed by the application...
The tendency of oxidation-reduction reactions is to proceed to an equilibrium state. These reactions occurring in electrochemical cells provide another way for us to express the driving force in chemical...
Raoult’s Law can be proven empirically by measuring the change in vapor pressure as solute is added to a solvent. The measurements will be taken at different temperatures to demonstrate...
Molecular mass is a parameter, which is useful in determining the identity of an unknown compound. One technique to determine the molecular mass of an unknown is to measure the...
The term oxidation can mean the chemical combination of a substance with oxygen and reduction can be the removal of oxygen from a compound. When oxygen reacts with any other...
The idea of the reversibility of chemical reactions was first stated by C. Berthollet in 1799. He noted deposits of sodium carbonate in certain salt lakes in Egypt and concluded...
Many combinations of mono and trivalent cations yield crystals of the same stoichiometry and structure. The crystals are normally in the form of an octahedron. Sodium, potassium and ammonium ions...
The probability that a photon of light will be absorbed by a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the absorbing molecules, the thickness of the sample and the...
Colorimetric or turbidimetric methods of analysis have been developed for most of the elements and ionic species. These methods can be employed to quickly determine the chemical composition of an...
In a chemical reaction, reactants are converted to product at a given rate. This rate can be changed by alternating either the temperature of the reaction, the form of the...
A solution of sodium hydroxide which is approximately 0.01M will be standardized with a solid acid, potassium hydrogen phthalate, to determine the exact molarity of the base. The standardized base...