- What it is. This hydrochloric acid solution is a 1.0 N (1.0 M) volumetric standard, available in 1-quart and 1-gallon sizes. It is a clear, colorless acid used to titrate concentrated bases, prepare dilutions, and adjust pH.
- Molar equals normal. Hydrochloric acid releases one hydrogen ion per molecule, so its normality equals its molarity. A 1.0 N solution contains 1.0 mole of HCl per liter, about 36.46 g of hydrogen chloride (calculated), and each milliliter neutralizes 1.0 millimole of base, equal to 40.00 mg of sodium hydroxide.
- A strong acid in solution. HCl dissociates completely in water, so the hydrogen ion concentration matches the stated concentration. That complete dissociation gives sharp, predictable endpoints in acid-base titrations against strong and weak bases.
- A convenient stock strength. At 1.0 N, the solution is strong enough for samples with high base content and serves as a stock for preparing 0.1 N and 0.01 N solutions by accurate tenfold dilution with deionized water.
- Hazard level. One-normal hydrochloric acid is corrosive to metals and irritating to skin and eyes, but it does not fume like concentrated acid. It ships as a regulated corrosive (UN1789, Class 8, Packing Group III in comparable products).
- Preparing and verifying dilutions. Because the stock is exactly 1.0 N, tenfold dilutions are straightforward: 100 mL to 1 L gives 0.1 N, and 10 mL to 1 L gives 0.01 N (calculated). Standardize each new working solution against a primary standard before critical work.
- Chemistry in brief. Hydrochloric acid dissociates completely, so a 1.0 N solution provides a predictable hydrogen-ion concentration for neutralization and pH adjustment. It forms soluble chloride salts with most metals, which keeps titration and digestion solutions clear.
- Two sizes for different workloads. The 1-quart size (ZH0607-32) suits occasional titrations and pH adjustment, while the 1-gallon size (ZH0607-128) supports labs that dilute or titrate daily.
- Standardization and accuracy. For the most accurate work, verify the concentration against a primary standard base such as sodium carbonate or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM), and keep the container closed to prevent evaporation and contamination.
- Where it is used. Laboratories use 1.0 N HCl to titrate concentrated bases and alkaline products, prepare weaker standard acids, adjust pH in sample preparation and digestion, regenerate and clean ion exchange columns, and run teaching titrations.
Technical Specifications
| Chemical Name | Hydrochloric acid, aqueous solution |
| CAS Numbers | 7647-01-0 (hydrogen chloride); 7732-18-5 (water) |
| EC Number (HCl) | 231-595-7 |
| Synonyms | Hydrogen chloride solution, muriatic acid |
| Formula (active) | HCl |
| Molecular Weight (active) | 36.46 g/mol |
| Concentration | 1.0 N (1.0 M) |
| HCl Content | About 36.46 g/L (calculated) |
| Neutralizing Capacity | 1.00 mL = 1.00 mmol base, 40.00 mg NaOH (calculated) |
| Appearance | Clear, colorless liquid |
| Physical State | Liquid, aqueous solution |
| DOT (comparable products) | UN1789, Hydrochloric acid solution, Class 8, PG III |
| Storage | Room temperature, tightly closed |
| Package Sizes | 1 quart; 1 gallon |
Available Variants
- ZH0607-32: 1 quart for occasional titration and pH adjustment.
- ZH0607-128 (HC1030-438): 1 gallon for daily titration and dilution work.
Applications / Common Uses
- Concentrated base titration: Titrates samples with high base content.
- Standard dilutions: Prepares 0.1 N and 0.01 N HCl accurately.
- pH adjustment: Acidifies samples and reaction mixtures.
- Ion exchange regeneration: Regenerates cation exchange resins.
- Teaching labs: Demonstrates strong acid titration.
Storage, Handling & Shipping
Store tightly closed in a cool, well-ventilated corrosives cabinet, away from bases, oxidizers, metals, and cyanide or sulfide salts, which release toxic gases with acid. When diluting, always add acid slowly to water, never water to acid.
- Incompatible materials: Bases, oxidizers (including bleach and permanganate), reactive metals, cyanides, and sulfides.
- Exposure limit (hydrogen chloride): OSHA PEL and NIOSH REL: 5 ppm ceiling.
- Spill response: Ventilate, contain, and neutralize with sodium bicarbonate or an acid spill kit before cleanup.
- First aid: Skin or eyes: flush with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention. Inhalation: move to fresh air.
Related Categories & Services
- Shop Acids for related products in this category.
- Explore Buffers, Standards & Solutions and ACS Grade Laboratory Chemicals.
- Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) Program: Lab Pro can stock, track, and replenish this item on site so it never runs out. Contact info@labproinc.com or 888-452-2776 to set up a VMI assessment.
